High Frequency Ray Why are gamma rays the most harmful radiation if they are weakly ionising?
And how can you ionise a cell? I know that high frequency electromagnetic rays can cause DNA to mutate but why is this? Why are gamma rays so harmful if they can pass right through you? If doctors can put gamma radiation inside you to use as a tracer then it can't be that dangerous can it?
Sorry but Mistress Bekki has it WRONG.
Ionization is the ejection of one or more electrons from an atom or molecule to produce a fragment with a net positive charge (positive ion). In the electromagnetic spectrum, radiation in the visible or longer wavelength range does not have sufficient quantum energy to ionize an atom, so we classify it as non-ionizing radiation. The threshold for ionization occurs somewhere in the ultraviolet range, with the specific threshold depending upon the type of atom or molecule. It typically takes a photon with energy in the range of a few electron volts to ionize an atom.
The practical threshold for radiation risk is that of ionization of tissue. Since the ionization energy of a hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV, the level around 10 eV is an approximate threshold. Since the energies associated with nuclear radiation are many orders of magnitude above this threshold, in the MeV range, then all nuclear radiation is ionizing radiation. Likewise, x-rays are ionizing radiation, as is the upper end of the ultraviolet range.
The different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum have very different effects upon interaction with matter. Starting with low frequency radio waves, the human body is quite transparent. (You can listen to your portable radio inside your home since the waves pass freely through the walls of your house and even through the person beside you!) As you move upward through microwaves and infrared to visible light, you absorb more and more strongly. In the lower ultraviolet range, all the uv from the sun is absorbed in a thin outer layer of your skin. As you move further up into the x-ray region of the spectrum, you become transparent again, because most of the mechanisms for absorption are gone. You then absorb only a small fraction of the radiation, but that absorption involves the more violent ionization events. Each portion of the electromagnetic spectrum has quantum energies appropriate for the excitation of certain types of physical processes. The energy levels for all physical processes at the atomic and molecular levels are quantized, and if there are no available quantized energy levels with spacings which match the quantum energy of the incident radiation, then the material will be transparent to that radiation, and it will pass through.
The classification of radiation as "ionizing" is essentially a statement that it has enough quantum energy to eject an electron. This is a crucial distinction, since "ionizing radiation" can produce a number of physiological effects, such as those associated with risk of mutation or cancer, which non-ionizing radiation cannot directly produce at any intensity.
The mechanisms of interaction for ionizing radiation in the form of x-rays and gamma-rays include the photoelectric effect, Compton scattering and at high enough energies, electron positron pair production.
Although the precise ionization energy differs with the atom or molecule involved, a general statement is any radiation with quantum energy above a few electron volts is considered to be ionizing radiation. The threshold for ionization lies somewhere in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum, so all x-rays and gamma-rays are ionizing radiation. All forms of nuclear radiation are also ionizing radiation because of their extremely high energies.
All nuclear radiation must be considered to be ionizing radiation
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Sony BDP-S560 Review - (Go Wireless With Your Blu-ray Player)
In early 2009 Sony released the BDP-S560 Blu-ray Player. It is a Profile 2.0 player that supports BonusView/picture-in-picture playback and BD-Live content. It has a Quick Start Mode which allows Blu-ray Discs to start within seconds. It can support high resolution audio formats and has a built-in 802.11n for a wireless internet connection. It is basically a step up from the entry level BDP-S360 Blu-ray Player.
The BDP-S560 has an attractive design with a black gloss exterior and touches of dark gray on the top and bottom of the player. The Open/Close button is located on the left at the top corner and will open up the dark blue front panel revealing the disc tray. The power button is found on the opposite side near the top corner. Other playback controls are just limited to the Play and Stop buttons. Therefore, the remote control will be needed for most playback functions. A USB port is located near the bottom right corner of the player. All other connections are on the back of the Blu-ray Player.
Video Quality: The BDP-S560 has a number of video connections. They include the HDMI Output, Component Video Outputs, S-Video Output and Composite Video Outputs. It supports 1080p/60 and 1080p/24 output resolutions through the HDMI connection. This will provide you with the best possible picture when playing back blu-ray and DVD discs. DVDs are also up scaled to near high definition levels via the HDMI connection.
In addition to three types of noise reduction, you have the option of choosing between three preset picture modes. They are Standard, Brighter Room and Theater Room. The BDP-S560 also has x.v.Color and 24p True Cinema features. The x.v. Color output allows for AVCHD format discs while also providing twice the amount of colors as standard RGB color sources, producing more spectacular images. The 24 True Cinema features allows you to view a movie as it was original intended to be seen; at 24 frames per second.
Audio Quality: The BDP-S560 audio outputs include the HDMI Output, Optical and Coaxial Digital Outputs and 2.0ch Analog Outputs. It has internal audio decoding and bitstream output for Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio. Which means the Blu-ray Player can decode these high resolution audio formats or you can pass these formats via HDMI to your Audio/Video receiver to decode. Unfortunately, the BDP-S560 does not have multichannel analog audio outputs, so a HDMI connection is needed to pass decoded high resolution audio formats.
One great advantages of the BDP-S560 that sets it apart form othre entry level players, is its built-in Wi-Fi. It supports the 802.11n/g/b/a frequencies and eliminates the need to use a cable to connect to the internet. Of course an Ethernet Port is available if you are unable to use the wireless feature. Once connected to the internet you can access any BD-Live content you might find on selected Blu-ray Discs. The BDP-S560 does not have any internal memory storage, therefore a USB storage drive is required if you are downloading any BD-Live content. A USB Port can be found on the back and front of the player.
The USB Port on the front will supports photo playback, but not music or movie playback. This is true for any DLNA compatible devices, such as a computer. Photos can be streamed from your computer to the Blu-ray Player; but no Music or Movie files can be streamed.
THE PROS: Sony's BDP-S560 has great video quality and supports 1080p/24 playback on blu-ray discs. It has internal audio decoding of Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio. These HD formats can be transmitted in bitstream form via HDMI. It is a Profile 2.0 so it supports BD-Live content and Bonus View. Access to these features are made easier with built-in Wi-Fi wireless network capabilities (802.11a/b/g/n). And it can stream photos from any DLNA compatible devices. Also has a Quick Start Mode that allows most Blu-ray discs to start within seconds.
THE CONS: Unfortunately, the BDP-S560 does not have multi-channel analog audio outputs. If you have an older A/V receiver, you may want to look else where. No internal memory so a USB device is needed to download BD-Live content. The DLNA function does not support streaming of Music or Videos.
THE FINAL WORD: Sony's BDP-S560 has all the great features of a good Blu-ray Player. It has 1080p/24 output, giving you great image quality. It has internal High Resolution audio decoding and built-in Wi-Fi. It does not have streaming media features that some other Blu-ray Players offer. If you can overlook this lack of streaming Media Services than the BDP-S560, with its Wi-Fi support and DLNA Photo streaming, would make a sound choice. -- Price you should look for when purchasing -- Under $250.00
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... For more information on Blu-ray and Blu-ray Players try this handy comparison guide: Bluray Players Or view our list of the best Selling Blu-ray Players and Blu-ray Deals: Blu-ray Player Deals Copyright 2010. This article may be freely distributed if this resource box stays attached.
This entry was posted by admin on November 26, 2009 at 6:59 pm, and is filed under Acne Facial Treatment. Follow any responses to this post through RSS 2.0.
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